jueves, 25 de septiembre de 2014
martes, 2 de septiembre de 2014
Outline - Planes
I. Introduction:
For many years, humans have had the dream of flying, making hundreds of prototypes or machines, it was until 1883 when this dream came true. This is one of the best inventions of all the times.
II. Planes:
A. What is a plane?
B. Kind of planes:
i. Cargo
ii. Passenger
iii. Military
C. History of Planes
D. Most famous manufacturers:
i. Airbus
ii. Boeing
iii. Embraer
iv. Bombardier
III. Prototypes of future planes.
IV. Ecological projects of planes.
V. Conclusion: Since 1883, the world of aviation, specifically planes, have changed including innovations and new technologies. Making this object one of the best inventions of all times.
For many years, humans have had the dream of flying, making hundreds of prototypes or machines, it was until 1883 when this dream came true. This is one of the best inventions of all the times.
II. Planes:
A. What is a plane?
B. Kind of planes:
i. Cargo
ii. Passenger
iii. Military
C. History of Planes
D. Most famous manufacturers:
i. Airbus
ii. Boeing
iii. Embraer
iv. Bombardier
III. Prototypes of future planes.
IV. Ecological projects of planes.
V. Conclusion: Since 1883, the world of aviation, specifically planes, have changed including innovations and new technologies. Making this object one of the best inventions of all times.
Planes
For many
years, humans have had the dream of flying, making hundreds of prototypes or
machines. It was until 1883 when this dream came true. Thanks to many sciences
that are applied in building a plane, the plane is one of the best inventions
of all times.
- Cargo: Is a fixed-wing aircraft is a fixed-wing aircraft that is
designed or converted for the carriage of goods, rather than passengers.
Sometimes they have one or more large doors for landing cargo. They are operated
by civil passenger or cargo arilines.
- Passenger: Is any fixed-wing or rotary-wing aircraft used for transporting passengers and cargo, they are operated by airlines.
- Military: Is any fixed-wing or rotary-wing aircraft that is operated by a legal or insurrectionary armed service of any type. This can be combat (designed to destroy equipment) or non-combat (carry weapons for self-defense).
Since the time of Greeks, it has been the idea of making a flying device. Leonardo Da Vinci designed a man-powered aircraft. In 1799, Sir George Cayley set the concept of the modern airplane as a fixed-wing flying machine with separate systems for lift, propulsion and control. The Wright Brothers built the first successful airplane and made the first controlled, powered and sustained heavier-than-air human flight on December 17th. 1903.
Due to innvations in technology, there has been many prototypes of new planes. For example:
- In 2010, engineers at Lockheed Martin presented the Supersonic Green Machine. Unlike the Concorde, the new aircraft is equipped with variable cycle engines, which increase efficiency by switching to conventional turbine mode during takeoff and landing. Furthermore, the aircraft is less harmful to the environment, due to the built in the engine, which reduces the nitrogen oxide pollution by 75% incinerators. Its tail shaped inverted 'V' configuration and overall considerably damped characteristic Concorde sonic booms. In addition, there are numerous commercial aircraft designs for 'VIPs', accommodating 6 or 12 passengers, the most famous of which is the American SonicStar, developed by the company Hyper Mach. Powered by hybrid engines, the aircraft reach speeds of mach 3.6 (about twice the Concorde).
- The 'Wing Box', a product of Lockheed Martin engineers concept accomplishes this by changing the shape of the wings. Boeing engineers also presented some innovative wings. The so-called 'flying wing' makes your drone, the X-48, is more effective in terms of aerodynamics and weight distribution.
- The company Virgin Galactic, known for its plans to organize suborbital spaceflight is not willing to limit their activity only to space tourism. The company's specialists believe their technology will cover the distance from one point to another one of the Earth in just four hours. The suborbital Space Ship Two aircraft will be transported to a height of 15 kilometers by a carrier plane, then leave him and follow his path to the destination. Today these flights would be very expensive, since the tickets for Virgin Galactic space flights cost about $ 200,000. The company specialists hope to bring down prices until the tickets have the same cost as with first class commercial aircraft.
And there are also some ecological projects of planes, such as:
- Hybrid aircraft:
Boeing has developed the project SUGAR (Subsonic Ultra Green Aircraft Research), which allow airlines to save up to 70% of conventional fuels by using batteries. While waiting for passengers, refuel aircraft not only traditional fuel, it recharge the batteries in the energetic systems of the airport. The aircraft used only conventional fuel for takeoff and immediately connect electric motors once been taken up. Today, engineers do not have batteries that generate enough energy to power an airliner, but by 2030 these technologies could have been developed.
- Aircraft solar batteries:
The Solar Company has developed the first airplane flown able to soar eating only solar energy, which accumulates in four batteries. In June 2013 this aircraft, coated 11.000 photocells, ended his longest journey, which crossed the territory of the USA, from San Francisco to New York. Two Swiss engineers handled the plane, Bertrand Piccard and Andre Borshberg, while co-founder of the Solar Impulse project. The pilots were alternated during the stages of the journey, which took place at an altitude of 9 km at a speed of 72 kilometers per hour. In 2015 Piccard Borshberg and plan to take a trip around the world in a solar version of the larger ones.
- Hydrogen Engines:
In 2008 took place the first successful test of a manned aircraft on hydrogen fuel. A small plane developed by Boeing made three short flights in Spain. Among other things, innovation and reduce the adverse impact on the environment. In fact, the two-seater Boeing is a hybrid aircraft, powered by two electric motors and hydrogen, of which the power is used only in acceleration and takeoff, while the hydrogen is activated during the flight.
Since 1883, one of the biggest dreams of all times became true, the dream of flying. Since that moment nothing was the same, the world of aviation, specifically planes, have changed; from having a plane made of wood, to a plane made of metal or other resistat materials. But there is a big problem with this object, that is the pollution, and that's why there have been created a lot of projects that will help protect the environment without removing the comfort of traveling by plane.
But there's also a lot of new and innovative prototypes of planes and mixing all the sciences applied in building a plane, like engineerings, physics, chemistry, makes planes one of the best inventions of all times.
An airplane is a powered, fixed-wing aircraft that is propelled forward
by thrust from a jet engine or propeller. Airplanes come in a variety of sizes,
shapes, and wing configuration.
There are 3 kinds of planes:
- Passenger: Is any fixed-wing or rotary-wing aircraft used for transporting passengers and cargo, they are operated by airlines.
- Military: Is any fixed-wing or rotary-wing aircraft that is operated by a legal or insurrectionary armed service of any type. This can be combat (designed to destroy equipment) or non-combat (carry weapons for self-defense).
Since the time of Greeks, it has been the idea of making a flying device. Leonardo Da Vinci designed a man-powered aircraft. In 1799, Sir George Cayley set the concept of the modern airplane as a fixed-wing flying machine with separate systems for lift, propulsion and control. The Wright Brothers built the first successful airplane and made the first controlled, powered and sustained heavier-than-air human flight on December 17th. 1903.
Due to innvations in technology, there has been many prototypes of new planes. For example:
- In 2010, engineers at Lockheed Martin presented the Supersonic Green Machine. Unlike the Concorde, the new aircraft is equipped with variable cycle engines, which increase efficiency by switching to conventional turbine mode during takeoff and landing. Furthermore, the aircraft is less harmful to the environment, due to the built in the engine, which reduces the nitrogen oxide pollution by 75% incinerators. Its tail shaped inverted 'V' configuration and overall considerably damped characteristic Concorde sonic booms. In addition, there are numerous commercial aircraft designs for 'VIPs', accommodating 6 or 12 passengers, the most famous of which is the American SonicStar, developed by the company Hyper Mach. Powered by hybrid engines, the aircraft reach speeds of mach 3.6 (about twice the Concorde).
- The 'Wing Box', a product of Lockheed Martin engineers concept accomplishes this by changing the shape of the wings. Boeing engineers also presented some innovative wings. The so-called 'flying wing' makes your drone, the X-48, is more effective in terms of aerodynamics and weight distribution.
- The company Virgin Galactic, known for its plans to organize suborbital spaceflight is not willing to limit their activity only to space tourism. The company's specialists believe their technology will cover the distance from one point to another one of the Earth in just four hours. The suborbital Space Ship Two aircraft will be transported to a height of 15 kilometers by a carrier plane, then leave him and follow his path to the destination. Today these flights would be very expensive, since the tickets for Virgin Galactic space flights cost about $ 200,000. The company specialists hope to bring down prices until the tickets have the same cost as with first class commercial aircraft.
And there are also some ecological projects of planes, such as:
- Hybrid aircraft:
Boeing has developed the project SUGAR (Subsonic Ultra Green Aircraft Research), which allow airlines to save up to 70% of conventional fuels by using batteries. While waiting for passengers, refuel aircraft not only traditional fuel, it recharge the batteries in the energetic systems of the airport. The aircraft used only conventional fuel for takeoff and immediately connect electric motors once been taken up. Today, engineers do not have batteries that generate enough energy to power an airliner, but by 2030 these technologies could have been developed.
- Aircraft solar batteries:
The Solar Company has developed the first airplane flown able to soar eating only solar energy, which accumulates in four batteries. In June 2013 this aircraft, coated 11.000 photocells, ended his longest journey, which crossed the territory of the USA, from San Francisco to New York. Two Swiss engineers handled the plane, Bertrand Piccard and Andre Borshberg, while co-founder of the Solar Impulse project. The pilots were alternated during the stages of the journey, which took place at an altitude of 9 km at a speed of 72 kilometers per hour. In 2015 Piccard Borshberg and plan to take a trip around the world in a solar version of the larger ones.
- Hydrogen Engines:
In 2008 took place the first successful test of a manned aircraft on hydrogen fuel. A small plane developed by Boeing made three short flights in Spain. Among other things, innovation and reduce the adverse impact on the environment. In fact, the two-seater Boeing is a hybrid aircraft, powered by two electric motors and hydrogen, of which the power is used only in acceleration and takeoff, while the hydrogen is activated during the flight.
Since 1883, one of the biggest dreams of all times became true, the dream of flying. Since that moment nothing was the same, the world of aviation, specifically planes, have changed; from having a plane made of wood, to a plane made of metal or other resistat materials. But there is a big problem with this object, that is the pollution, and that's why there have been created a lot of projects that will help protect the environment without removing the comfort of traveling by plane.
But there's also a lot of new and innovative prototypes of planes and mixing all the sciences applied in building a plane, like engineerings, physics, chemistry, makes planes one of the best inventions of all times.
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